How machine learning can help select capping layers to suppress perovskite degradation.

Hartono, Noor Titan Putri; Thapa, Janak; Tiihonen, Armi; Oviedo, Felipe; Batali, Clio; Yoo, Jason J; Liu, Zhe; Li, Ruipeng et al. · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Environmental stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved by trial-and-error exploration of thin low-dimensional (LD) perovskite deposited on top of the perovskite absorber, called the capping layer. In this study, a machine-learning framework is presented to optimize this layer. We featurize 21 organic halide salts, apply them as capping layers onto methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) films, age them under accelerated conditions, and determine features governing stability using supervised machine learning and Shapley values. We find that organic molecules' low number of hydrogen-bonding donors and small topological polar surface area correlate with increased MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film stability. The top performing organic halide, phenyltriethylammonium iodide (PTEAI), successfully extends the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> stability lifetime by 4 ± 2 times over bare MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and 1.3 ± 0.3 times over state-of-the-art octylammonium bromide (OABr). Through characterization, we find that this capping layer stabilizes the photoactive layer by changing the surface chemistry and suppressing methylammonium loss.