Helical Edge Transport in Millimeter-Scale Thin Films of Na<sub>3</sub>Bi.

Liu, Chang; Culcer, Dimitrie; Wang, Zhanning; Edmonds, Mark T; Fuhrer, Michael S · Nano Lett · 2020

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

A two-dimensional topological insulator (2DTI) has an insulating bulk and helical edges robust to nonmagnetic backscattering. While ballistic transport has been demonstrated in micron-scale 2DTIs, larger samples show significant backscattering and a nearly temperature-independent resistance of unclear origin. Spin polarization has been measured, however the degree of helicity is difficult to quantify. Here, we study 2DTI few-layer Na<sub>3</sub>Bi on insulating Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. A nonlocal conductance measurement demonstrates edge conductance in the topological regime with an edge mean free path ∼100 nm. A perpendicular magnetic field suppresses spin-flip scattering in the helical edges, resulting in a giant negative magnetoresistance (GNMR) up to 80% at 0.9 T. Comparison to theory indicates >96% of scattering is helical spin scattering significantly exceeding the maximum (67%) expected for a nonhelical metal. GNMR, coupled with nonlocal measurements, thus provides an unambiguous experimental signature of helical edges that we expect to be generically useful in understanding 2DTIs.