Vapor-assisted deposition of highly efficient, stable black-phase FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 33004488.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/science.abb8985.
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Abstract
Mixtures of cations or halides with FAPbI<sub>3</sub> (where FA is formamidinium) lead to high efficiency in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also to blue-shifted absorption and long-term stability issues caused by loss of volatile methylammonium (MA) and phase segregation. We report a deposition method using MA thiocyanate (MASCN) or FASCN vapor treatment to convert yellow δ-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films to the desired pure α-phase. NMR quantifies MA incorporation into the framework. Molecular dynamics simulations show that SCN<sup>-</sup> anions promote the formation and stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> below the thermodynamic phase-transition temperature. We used these low-defect-density α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> films to make PSCs with >23% power-conversion efficiency and long-term operational and thermal stability, as well as a low (330 millivolts) open-circuit voltage loss and a low (0.75 volt) turn-on voltage of electroluminescence.