Structural basis for the transition from translation initiation to elongation by an 80S-eIF5B complex.

Wang, Jinfan; Wang, Jing; Shin, Byung-Sik; Kim, Joo-Ran; Dever, Thomas E; Puglisi, Joseph D; Fernández, Israel S · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Recognition of a start codon by the initiator aminoacyl-tRNA determines the reading frame of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation by the ribosome. In eukaryotes, the GTPase eIF5B collaborates in the correct positioning of the initiator Met-tRNA<sub>i</sub><sup>Met</sup> on the ribosome in the later stages of translation initiation, gating entrance into elongation. Leveraging the long residence time of eIF5B on the ribosome recently identified by single-molecule fluorescence measurements, we determine the cryoEM structure of the naturally long-lived ribosome complex with eIF5B and Met-tRNA<sub>i</sub><sup>Met</sup> immediately before transition into elongation. The structure uncovers an unexpected, eukaryotic specific and dynamic fidelity checkpoint implemented by eIF5B in concert with components of the large ribosomal subunit.

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