Intra-articular Tranexamic Acid in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Decreases the Rate of Post-operative Blood Transfusions in People with Hemophilia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Abstract

Blood transfusion rates after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients without hemophilia have diminished with the use of a standardized multimodal blood loss prevention method (MBLPM) that includes intra-articular tranexamic acid (TXA) (MBLPM-TXA). However, the topic has not been addressed in people with hemophilia. Our aim was to investigate whether the MBLPM-TXA prevents blood loss in patients with hemophilia A who undergo TKA, thereby decreasing the need for post-operative blood transfusion. This retrospective case-control comparative study involved 30 TKA patients who had a severe degree of hemophilia A without inhibitions: one group treated with the MBLPM-TXA (<i>n</i> = 15) and a second group treated without it (<i>n</i> = 15). In all cases, the pre-operative hemoglobin level was greater than 13 g/dL. The MBLPM-TXA group had a transfusion rate of zero, whereas 46.6% of the patients (seven of 15) in the non-MBLPM-TXA group needed transfusion. This retrospective case-control study showed that the use of an MBLPM-TXA in patients with hemophilia A who underwent TKA was effective in reducing rates of transfusion. We recommend its use.