A new role for histone demethylases in the maintenance of plant genome integrity.

Antunez-Sanchez, Javier; Naish, Matthew; Ramirez-Prado, Juan Sebastian; Ohno, Sho; Huang, Ying; Dawson, Alexander; Opassathian, Korawit; Manza-Mianza, Deborah et al. · Elife · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Histone modifications deposited by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) play a critical role in the control of growth, development, and adaptation to environmental fluctuations of most multicellular eukaryotes. The catalytic activity of PRC2 is counteracted by Jumonji-type (JMJ) histone demethylases, which shapes the genomic distribution of H3K27me3. Here, we show that two JMJ histone demethylases in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, EARLY FLOWERING 6 (ELF6) and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6), play distinct roles in H3K27me3 and H3K27me1 homeostasis. We show that failure to reset these chromatin marks during sexual reproduction results in the transgenerational inheritance of histone marks, which cause a loss of DNA methylation at heterochromatic loci and transposon activation. Thus, Jumonji-type histone demethylases play a dual role in plants by helping to maintain transcriptional states through development and safeguard genome integrity during sexual reproduction.

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