In-plane uniaxial pressure-induced out-of-plane antiferromagnetic moment and critical fluctuations in BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>.

Liu, Panpan; Klemm, Mason L; Tian, Long; Lu, Xingye; Song, Yu; Tam, David W; Schmalzl, Karin; Park, J T et al. · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

A small in-plane external uniaxial pressure has been widely used as an effective method to acquire single domain iron pnictide BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>, which exhibits twin-domains without uniaxial strain below the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural (nematic) transition temperature T<sub>s</sub>. Although it is generally assumed that such a pressure will not affect the intrinsic electronic/magnetic properties of the system, it is known to enhance the antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering temperature T<sub>N</sub> ( < T<sub>s</sub>) and create in-plane resistivity anisotropy above T<sub>s</sub>. Here we use neutron polarization analysis to show that such a strain on BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> also induces a static or quasi-static out-of-plane (c-axis) AF order and its associated critical spin fluctuations near T<sub>N</sub>/T<sub>s</sub>. Therefore, uniaxial pressure necessary to detwin single crystals of BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> actually rotates the easy axis of the collinear AF order near T<sub>N</sub>/T<sub>s</sub>, and such effects due to spin-orbit coupling must be taken into account to unveil the intrinsic electronic/magnetic properties of the system.