Long-range ballistic transport of Brown-Zak fermions in graphene superlattices.

Barrier, Julien; Kumaravadivel, Piranavan; Krishna Kumar, Roshan; Ponomarenko, L A; Xin, Na; Holwill, Matthew; Mullan, Ciaran; Kim, Minsoo et al. · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In quantizing magnetic fields, graphene superlattices exhibit a complex fractal spectrum often referred to as the Hofstadter butterfly. It can be viewed as a collection of Landau levels that arise from quantization of Brown-Zak minibands recurring at rational (p/q) fractions of the magnetic flux quantum per superlattice unit cell. Here we show that, in graphene-on-boron-nitride superlattices, Brown-Zak fermions can exhibit mobilities above 10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and the mean free path exceeding several micrometers. The exceptional quality of our devices allows us to show that Brown-Zak minibands are 4q times degenerate and all the degeneracies (spin, valley and mini-valley) can be lifted by exchange interactions below 1 K. We also found negative bend resistance at 1/q fractions for electrical probes placed as far as several micrometers apart. The latter observation highlights the fact that Brown-Zak fermions are Bloch quasiparticles propagating in high fields along straight trajectories, just like electrons in zero field.