Pervasive subduction zone devolatilization recycles CO<sub>2</sub> into the forearc.

Stewart, E M; Ague, Jay J · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The fate of subducted CO<sub>2</sub> remains the subject of widespread disagreement, with different models predicting either wholesale (up to 99%) decarbonation of the subducting slab or extremely limited carbon loss and, consequently, massive deep subduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. The fluid history of subducted rocks lies at the heart of this debate: rocks that experience significant infiltration by a water-bearing fluid may release orders of magnitude more CO<sub>2</sub> than rocks that are metamorphosed in a closed chemical system. Numerical models make a wide range of predictions regarding water mobility, and further progress has been limited by a lack of direct observations. Here we present a comprehensive field-based study of decarbonation efficiency in a subducting slab (Cyclades, Greece), and show that ~40% to ~65% of the CO<sub>2</sub> in subducting crust is released via metamorphic decarbonation reactions at forearc depths. This result precludes extensive deep subduction of most CO<sub>2</sub> and suggests that the mantle has become more depleted in carbon over geologic time.