The influence of sports practice, dominance and gender on the knee joint position sense.

Abstract

Physical activity, muscle fatigue or age have been suggested as factors that positively or negatively influence the knee joint position sense (KJPS). However, conflicting results about the influence of sports practice, limb dominance and gender are found in the literature. This study aimed to assess the influence of sports practice, limb dominance and gender on the KJPS of soccer players and untrained individuals. Sixty subjects participated in this study: 29 soccer players (SPs) and 31 untrained participants (UPs). KJPS was tested in a seated position, for the target angles of 20° and 45° of knee flexion, through an open kinetic chain technique and active repositioning method. Intergroup analysis was performed to compare KJPS between SPs and UPs and between gender, and intragroup analysis was performed to compare proprioceptive acuity between dominant and non-dominant limbs. Knee repositioning errors were lower in SPs than in the UPs. Repositioning errors of the dominant and non-dominant limb were not significantly different in SPs (P > 0.05), but in UPs the dominant limb showed significantly lower repositioning errors, both for 20° (P = 0.046) and 45° target (P = 0.036). There were no gender differences in the KJPS in both groups (P > 0.05). Proprioceptive acuity is higher in trained than in untrained participants. Dominance seems not to influence KJPS of SPs, but in UPs the dominant limb showed a higher accuracy. There were no differences in KJPS related to gender. These results suggest that sports practice, but neither gender nor limb dominance, may positively influence proprioceptive acuity.