Variational approximation for two-dimensional quantum droplets.

Abstract

The dynamics of a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate in a presence of quantum fluctuations is studied. The properties of localized density distributions, quantum droplets (QDs), are analyzed by means of the variational approach. It is demonstrated that the super-Gaussian function gives a good approximation for profiles of fundamental QDs and droplets with nonzero vorticity. The dynamical equations for parameters of QDs are obtained. Fixed points of these equations determine the parameters of stationary QDs. The period of small oscillations of QDs near the stationary state is estimated. It is obtained that periodic modulations of the strength of quantum fluctuations can actuate different processes, including resonance oscillations of the QD parameters, an emission of waves and a splitting of QDs into smaller droplets.