Dynamic Regulation of Lithium Dendrite Growth with Electromechanical Coupling Effect of Soft BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramic Nanofiber Films.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 33496181.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acsnano.0c09745.
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Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) offer great opportunity for developing high-energy density energy-storage-systems, but the anodes suffer a severe problem of dendrite growth that hinders the practical applications of LMBs. Here, we report a soft BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramic nanofiber film with excellent ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity that enables one to transverse the dense deposition of Li metal. During Li plating, the strong ferroelectricity reduces the Li-ion concentration gradient near the anode and thus facilitating their uniform deposition. Once squeezed by these Li deposits, the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> film generates instantaneous piezo-effect to dynamically change the subsequent Li deposition from vertical to lateral. As a result, Li-Cu cells exhibit reversible plating-stripping processes for over 200 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of >98.3%. When pairing with high-voltage LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathodes, the LMBs can retain >80% capacity in 300 cycles without forming dendrites even under challenging conditions including a high cathode loading of 7.2 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>, a lean electrolyte amount of 7 μL/mg, and high current rates. The findings point to a promising electromechanical coupling strategy to dynamically adjust dendrite growth for designing Li metal anodes.