Giant and Reversible Barocaloric Effect in Trinuclear Spin-Crossover Complex Fe₃ (bntrz)₆ (tcnset)₆.

Abstract

A giant barocaloric effect (BCE) in a molecular material Fe₃ (bntrz)₆ (tcnset)₆ (FBT) is reported, where bntrz = 4-(benzyl)-1,2,4-triazole and tcnset = 1,1,3,3-tetracyano-2-thioethylepropenide. The crystal structure of FBT contains a trinuclear transition metal complex that undergoes an abrupt spin-state switching between the state in which all three Fe^II centers are in the high-spin (S = 2) electronic configuration and the state in which all of them are in the low-spin (S = 0) configuration. Despite the strongly cooperative nature of the spin transition, it proceeds with a negligible hysteresis and a large volumetric change, suggesting that FBT should be a good candidate for producing a large BCE. Powder X-ray diffraction and calorimetry reveal that the material is highly susceptible to applied pressure, as the transition temperature spans the range from 318 at ambient pressure to 383 K at 2.6 kbar. Despite the large shift in the spin-transition temperature, its nonhysteretic character is maintained under applied pressure. Such behavior leads to a remarkably large and reversible BCE, characterized by an isothermal entropy change of 120 J kg^-1 K^-1 and an adiabatic temperature change of 35 K, which are among the highest reversible values reported for any caloric material thus far.