Selection of different endothelialization modes and different seed cells for tissue-engineered vascular graft.

Cai, Qingjin; Liao, Wanshan; Xue, Fangchao; Wang, Xiaochen; Zhou, Weiming; Li, Yanzhao; Zeng, Wen · Bioact Mater · 2021

review · Level V

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Abstract

Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have enormous potential for vascular replacement therapy. However, thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia are important problems associated with TEVGs especially small diameter TEVGs (<6 mm) after transplantation. Endothelialization of TEVGs is a key point to prevent thrombosis. Here, we discuss different types of endothelialization and different seed cells of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Meanwhile, endothelial heterogeneity is also discussed. Based on it, we provide a new perspective for selecting suitable types of endothelialization and suitable seed cells to improve the long-term patency rate of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with different diameters and lengths.