Reversible 3D-2D structural phase transition and giant electronic modulation in nonequilibrium alloy semiconductor, lead-tin-selenide.

Katase, Takayoshi; Takahashi, Yudai; He, Xinyi; Tadano, Terumasa; Ide, Keisuke; Yoshida, Hideto; Kawachi, Shiro; Yamaura, Jun-Ichi et al. · Sci Adv · 2021

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Material properties depend largely on the dimensionality of the crystal structures and the associated electronic structures. If the crystal-structure dimensionality can be switched reversibly in the same material, then a drastic property change may be controllable. Here, we propose a design route for a direct three-dimensional (3D) to 2D structural phase transition, demonstrating an example in (Pb<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sn <i><sub>x</sub></i> )Se alloy system, where Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Sn<sup>2+</sup> have similar <i>n</i>s<sup>2</sup> pseudo-closed shell configurations, but the former stabilizes the 3D rock-salt-type structure while the latter a 2D layered structure. However, this system has no direct phase boundary between these crystal structures under thermal equilibrium. We succeeded in inducing the direct 3D-2D structural phase transition in (Pb<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sn <i><sub>x</sub></i> )Se alloy epitaxial films by using a nonequilibrium growth technique. Reversible giant electronic property change was attained at <i>x</i> ~ 0.5 originating in the abrupt band structure switch from gapless Dirac-like state to semiconducting state.