Anataselike Grain Boundary Structure in Rutile Titanium Dioxide.

Schusteritsch, Georg; Ishikawa, Ryo; Elmaslmane, Abdul Razak; Inoue, Kazutoshi; McKenna, Keith P; Ikuhara, Yuichi; Pickard, Chris J · Nano Lett · 2021

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The formation of nanoscale phases at grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials has attracted much attention, since it offers a route toward targeted and controlled design of interface properties. However, understanding structure-property relationships at these complex interfacial defects is hampered by the great challenge of accurately determining their atomic structure. Here, we combine advanced electron microscopy together with <i>ab initio</i> random structure searching to determine the atomic structure of an experimentally fabricated Σ13 (221) [11̅0] grain boundary in rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>. Through careful analysis of the atomic structure and complementary electron energy-loss spectroscopy analysis we identify the existence of a unique nanoscale phase at the grain boundary with striking similarities to the bulk anatase crystal structure. Our results show a path to embed nanoscale anatase into rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> and showcase how the atomic structure of even complex internal interfaces can be accurately determined using a combined theoretical and experimental approach.