Gender and Socioeconomic Factors Affect Adolescent Patient and Guardian Preferences in Sports Medicine Physician Characteristics and Medical Decision Making.

Abstract

Diversity has increased within youth sports. It is unknown whether these demographic or socioeconomic factors affect adolescent patients' and their guardians' preferences of sports medicine physicians and involvement in medial decision making. Demographic and socioeconomic factors may affect adolescent patient and guardian preferences for sports medicine physicians. Patients, age 10 to 18 years, and their guardians presenting to two sports medicine offices were asked to complete matched, anonymous surveys assessing their preferences for medical decision making, sports medicine physician gender, and personality characteristics. Analysis of demographic and socioeconomic effects on preferences was completed. Matched survey responses were collected from 353 patients and 325 corresponding guardians. Patient average age was 14.6 years (SD 2.1), with 43% female. Guardian average age was 43.4 years (SD 8.3), with 79% female. For both patients and guardians, the highest valued physician characteristic was being a good listener. Overall, 21% of patients and 17% of guardians reported a physician gender preference that matched the gender of the patient. Among all female patients, 32% preferred a female physician. Among all male patients, 12% preferred a male physician (P < 0.001). Ninety-two percent of patients reported wanting to be involved, and 93% of guardians thought that their child should be involved in the decision-making process. Hispanic, non-White, non-English speaking, government or no insurance, or less than college level of education patients and guardians reported a significantly greater importance of the physician independently determining the treatment plan (P < 0.001). Demographic and socioeconomic factors do affect adolescent patient and guardian preferences for sports medicine physicians. Young patients have a desire to be included in the medical decision-making process. Female adolescent patients may have a same-gender preference for their sports medicine physician. This is a prospective, cohort study.