A new classification system for evaluating fatty infiltration of the gluteus minimus in hip osteoarthritis using plain computed tomography.

Abstract

Fatty infiltration of the gluteus muscles increases due to the presence of hip osteoarthritis (OA); it is often evident in the gluteus minimus. The gluteus minimus acts not only as an abductor and rotator but also helps stabilize the femur's head. Moreover, the atrophy or fatty infiltration of the gluteus minimus leads to an increased risk of fall and fracture. Until now, fatty infiltration of this muscle has often been evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging using the Goutallier classification system, originally developed for the rotator cuff. However, the accessibility of magnetic resonance imaging remains problematic, and the reliability of the classification has room for improvement. Thus, this study aimed to devise a new classification system for the fatty infiltration of the gluteus minimus using plain computed tomography (CT). We retrospectively reviewed 71 patients (141 hips) who underwent unilateral total hip arthroplasty for hip OA. To assess the system's reliability, three doctors classified the fatty infiltration of the gluteus minimus based on the CT images of 20 hips randomly selected from the study participants using both the Goutallier and the new classification systems. Then, we selected 113 hips with Crowe type 1 and evaluated them using the new classification system to assess the association between the extent of fatty infiltration and the severity of hip OA. Both classifications had good intra- and inter-observer reliability. The kappa values of the new classification system (0.83-0.95) were higher than that of the Goutallier classification system (0.72-0.87). The Jonckheere-Terpstra test showed that the degree of fatty infiltration of the gluteus minimus according to the new system progressed incrementally with the progression of hip OA (p = 0.016). The new classification system can be recommended for clinical use.