What Are "Microergonomics," "Penization," and "Electronics Integrated with Surgical Instruments"?

Abstract

Most microsurgical instrument designs concentrate on manipulating the targeted tissue more than the detailed design of the user's hand. Microergonomics is a new area of study on hand design in order to redesign the instruments in a better way for the surgeon's hand. The article describes how the concept of microergonomics could improve the design of microinstruments. The penization concept is introduced, too. This involves converting the instruments available to the shape of a pen, making these instruments manipulated just like the writing process. A new design of pen needle holder is suggested, along with a new concept of integrating electronics with the instruments, revealing many possible future devices. The future perspectives of designing neurosurgical instruments will be directed toward microergonomics, penization, and electronics integrated with surgical instrument principles.