Restriction of SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting.

Sun, Yu; Abriola, Laura; Niederer, Rachel O; Pedersen, Savannah F; Alfajaro, Mia M; Silva Monteiro, Valter; Wilen, Craig B; Ho, Ya-Chi et al. · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2021

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Translation of open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift (-1 PRF) promoted by an RNA pseudoknot. The extent to which SARS-CoV-2 replication may be sensitive to changes in -1 PRF efficiency is currently unknown. Through an unbiased, reporter-based high-throughput compound screen, we identified merafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial, as a -1 PRF inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2. Frameshift inhibition by merafloxacin is robust to mutations within the pseudoknot region and is similarly effective on -1 PRF of other betacoronaviruses. Consistent with the essential role of -1 PRF in viral gene expression, merafloxacin impedes SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells, thereby providing proof-of-principle for targeting -1 PRF as a plausible and effective antiviral strategy for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.

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