How I do it: endoscopic endonasal approach to the orbital apex.
Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 34231050.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1007/s00701-021-04900-5.
- No licence information is recorded for this record.
- Because redistribution is not established, this page shows the abstract only. Follow the links below for the full text.
Abstract
The endoscopic endonasal approach provides an option to approach the medial and inferior orbital apex, with less manipulation of intraorbital structures. We described the advantages, complications, caveats, and indications of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the orbital apex. An intraorbital extraconal cavernous malformation is shown as example. The endoscopic endonasal approach is a good corridor to the medial and inferior orbital apex, providing good exposure and little manipulation of the intraorbital contents.
Medical subject headings
- Endoscopy
- Nose