Polycomb-group recruitment to a <i>Drosophila</i> target gene is the default state that is inhibited by a transcriptional activator.

Abstract

Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators that maintain the transcriptional repression of target genes following their initial repression by transcription factors. PcG target genes are repressed in some cells, but active in others. Therefore, a mechanism must exist by which PcG proteins distinguish between the repressed and active states and only assemble repressive chromatin environments at target genes that are repressed. Here, we present experimental evidence that the repressed state of a <i>Drosophila</i> PcG target gene, <i>giant</i> (<i>gt</i>), is not identified by the presence of a repressor. Rather, de novo establishment of PcG-mediated silencing at <i>gt</i> is the default state that is prevented by the presence of an activator or coactivator, which may inhibit the catalytic activity of Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2).