Resonant quantum principal component analysis.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 34407942.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abg2589 and PMC identifier 8373170.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC.
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Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely adopted to reduce the dimension of data while preserving the information. The quantum version of PCA (qPCA) can be used to analyze an unknown low-rank density matrix by rapidly revealing the principal components of it, i.e., the eigenvectors of the density matrix with the largest eigenvalues. However, because of the substantial resource requirement, its experimental implementation remains challenging. Here, we develop a resonant analysis algorithm with minimal resource for ancillary qubits, in which only one frequency-scanning probe qubit is required to extract the principal components. In the experiment, we demonstrate the distillation of the first principal component of a 4 × 4 density matrix, with an efficiency of 86.0% and a fidelity of 0.90. This work shows the speedup ability of quantum algorithm in dimension reduction of data and thus could be used as part of quantum artificial intelligence algorithms in the future.