Technical Refinement in Three-Dimensional Nipple-Areola Complex Tattooing of the Reconstructed Breast.

Abstract

Three-dimensional nipple-areola complex tattooing has previously been described as an alternative to surgical reconstruction using local flaps and grafts. This technique offers patients an option that can achieve aesthetically pleasing results without a donor site, changes in projection over time, or additional scarring. Plastic surgeons may be limited in their ability to create a realistic-appearing nipple-areola complex because of limited experience with basic tattooing techniques and unfamiliarity with the artistic principles of light and shadow required to create depth on a two-dimensional surface. Consistent results can be achieved with attention to the technical pearls discussed in this article.