Enhanced bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>.

Li, Yue; Fu, Jun; Mao, Xiaoyu; Chen, Chen; Liu, Heng; Gong, Ming; Zeng, Hualing · Nat Commun · 2021

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The photocurrent generation in photovoltaics relies essentially on the interface of p-n junction or Schottky barrier with the photoelectric efficiency constrained by the Shockley-Queisser limit. The recent progress has shown a promising route to surpass this limit via the bulk photovoltaic effect for crystals without inversion symmetry. Here we report the bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> with enhanced photocurrent density by two orders of magnitude higher than conventional bulk ferroelectric perovskite oxides. The bulk photovoltaic effect is inherently associated to the room-temperature polar ordering in two-dimensional CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>. We also demonstrate a crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional bulk photovoltaic effect with the observation of a dramatic decrease in photocurrent density when the thickness of the two-dimensional material exceeds the free path length at around 40 nm. This work spotlights the potential application of ultrathin two-dimensional ferroelectric materials for the third-generation photovoltaic cells.