Double peroxidase and histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 maintain innate immune memory in primed mosquitoes.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 34711682.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1073/pnas.2114242118 and PMC identifier 8612215.
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Abstract
Immune priming in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> is mediated by the systemic release of a hemocyte differentiation factor (HDF), a complex of lipoxin A<sub>4</sub> bound to Evokin, a lipid carrier. HDF increases the proportion of circulating granulocytes and enhances mosquito cellular immunity. Here, we show that Evokin is present in hemocytes and fat-body cells, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression increases significantly after immune priming. The double peroxidase (DBLOX) enzyme, present in insects but not in vertebrates, is essential for HDF synthesis. DBLOX is highly expressed in oenocytes in the fat-body tissue, and these cells increase in number in primed mosquitoes. We provide direct evidence that the histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 (AGAP001539) is also essential for a sustained increase in oenocyte numbers, HDF synthesis, and immune priming. We propose that oenocytes may function as a population of cells that are reprogrammed, and orchestrate and maintain a broad, systemic, and long-lasting state of enhanced immune surveillance in primed mosquitoes.
Medical subject headings
- Culicidae
- Histone Acetyltransferases
- Immunologic Memory