Efficient treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in rhesus macaques by an HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 34919814.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.032.
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Abstract
Two HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides (LP-97 and LP-98) were designed with highly potent, long-acting antiviral activity. Monotherapy using a low dose of LP-98 sharply reduced viral loads and maintained long-term viral suppression in 21 SHIV<sub>SF162P3</sub>-infected rhesus macaques. We found that five treated monkeys achieved potential posttreatment control (PTC) efficacy and had lower viral DNA in deep lymph nodes, whereas monkeys with a stable viral rebound had higher viral DNA in superficial lymph nodes. The tissues of PTC monkeys exhibited significantly decreased quantitative viral outgrowth and fewer PD-1<sup>+</sup> central memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells contributed to virologic control efficacy. Moreover, LP-98 administrated as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provided complete protection against SHIV<sub>SF162P3</sub> and SIVmac239 infections in 51 monkeys via intrarectal, intravaginal, or intravenous challenge. In conclusion, our lipopeptides exhibit high potential as an efficient HIV treatment or prevention strategy.
Medical subject headings
- HIV Fusion Inhibitors
- Lipopeptides
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus