Anionic character of the conduction band of sodium chloride.

Leon, Christopher C; Grewal, Abhishek; Kuhnke, Klaus; Kern, Klaus; Gunnarsson, Olle · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The alkali halides are ionic compounds. Each alkali atom donates an electron to a halogen atom, leading to ions with full shells. The valence band is mainly located on halogen atoms, while, in a traditional picture, the conduction band is mainly located on alkali atoms. Scanning tunnelling microscopy of NaCl at 4 K actually shows that the conduction band is located on Cl- because the strong Madelung potential reverses the order of the Na+ 3s and Cl- 4s levels. We verify this reversal is true for both atomically thin and bulk NaCl, and discuss implications for II-VI and I-VII compounds.