What do X-ray images of the bladder during video urodynamics show us in patients with spinal cord injury?

Abstract

Retrospective anonymized cohort study. To study X-ray images of video urodynamics (VUD) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Single-center study. X-ray images during VUD were categorized. Relation with the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), time since and level of SCI, cystometric data, method of bladder management, findings of flexible cystoscopy, and renal ultrasound were evaluated. Changes over time were studied. In 231 consecutive patients, VUD was done at a mean of 8.5 years after SCI. X3-ray bladder appearance was categorized as normal/standard, tonic, or flaccid. In 19 patients, specific findings were seen: diverticula, cystocele, vesicoureteral reflux. X-ray images differed by maximum cystometric capacity, presence of neurogenic detrusor overactivity, and maximum detrusor pressure during detrusor overactivity, but not by bladder compliance. There was no difference in the categories found in different levels and completeness of SCI. In the 23 patients able to void no pathology was seen on urethral images. Renal ultrasound was normal in >99%. In 86 patients, repeated testing after 72 ± 143 weeks showed changed findings in 30%. Cystoscopy showed significantly more local pathologies. Complications in the lower urinary tract were seen on imaging only in a limited number of our cohort. As our findings represent a real-life example of the actual yield of VUD in patients with neurogenic bladder due to SCI treated following the international guidelines, further multicentre evaluation is needed to determine when imaging should be used or not.