Non-surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity: results of an intensive combined physical and psychological programme for patients with adult spinal deformity and chronic low back pain-a treatment-based cohort study.

Abstract

No evidence-based treatment exists for adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). evaluate a combined physical and psychological programme (CPPP) for ASD patients with CLBP and to compare this with a non-ASD-cohort with CLBP. Data were extracted from the database of CLBP-patients for whom surgery is not an option and completed CPPP. Two cohorts were selected: an ASD-cohort (n = 80) based on a Cobb angle of > 10° and a consecutive age- and gender-matched non-ASD-cohort (n = 240). functional status (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI). pain intensity, self-efficacy and quality of life. pre and post treatment, one-month and one-year follow-up (FU). minimal important clinical change (MCIC; ODI 10 points), patient acceptable symptom state (PASS; ODI ≤ 22). Demographics ASD-cohort: 79% female, mean age 50.9 (± 14.1) years, mean CLBP duration 15.5 (± 12.5) years, mean Cobb angle 21.4 (± 9.4)°. Non-ASD-cohort: not significantly different. Both cohorts improved in functional status (F[1,318] = 142.982, p < .001; r = 0.31). The ASD-cohort improved from mean ODI 39.5(± 12.0) at baseline to mean ODI 31.8(± 16.5) at one-year FU. 51% of the ASD patients reached MCIC and 33% reached a PASS. An interaction effect is shown between time and both cohorts (F[1,318] = 8.2, p = .004; r = 0.03); however, not clinically relevant. All secondary outcomes: improvement at one-year FU. This is the first study showing beneficial outcomes of a non-surgical treatment in selected ASD patients with longstanding CLBP. Improvement is shown in functional status, and appeared equivalent to the non-ASD cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1: Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.