Therapeutic strategies of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids and organoids for tissue repair and regeneration.

Kim, Woochan; Gwon, Yonghyun; Park, Sunho; Kim, Hyoseong; Kim, Jangho · Bioact Mater · 2023

review · Level V

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that occur <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, 3D cell culture systems have unique properties that help guide specific functions, growth, and processes of stem cells (e.g., embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and organogenesis). Thus, 3D stem cell culture systems that mimic <i>in vivo</i> environments enable basic research about various tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the advanced therapeutic applications of stem cell-based 3D culture systems generated using different engineering techniques. Specifically, we summarize the historical advancements of 3D cell culture systems and discuss the therapeutic applications of stem cell-based spheroids and organoids, including engineering techniques for tissue repair and regeneration.