Non-pulmonary Disseminated Tuberculosis Complicated by Constrictive Pericarditis and Cutaneous Gumma.

Abstract

A 23-year-old previously healthy male presented to the hospital with symptoms of heart failure. He was diagnosed with pericarditis and found to have a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%. He was noted to have mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary and abdominal sampling were non-diagnostic for infection, autoimmune disease, or malignancy. A QuantiFERON Gold returned positive. After a thorough travel history and detailed exam, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis after the discovery of a cutaneous gumma that was found to have acid-fast bacilli present on biopsy with Fite's stain. ¹⁸F-FDG PET CT and cardiac MRI were pursued given that pericardial and myocardial biopsy could not be safely performed due to the patient's hemodynamics. ¹⁸F-FDG PET CT and cardiac MRI did not demonstrate any myocardial pathology responsible for the left ventricular ejection fraction. This case highlights that pulmonary involvement is not necessary for disseminated TB, Fite's stain may be used to identify M. tuberculosis, and that cardiac MRI and ¹⁸F-FDG PET CT may be useful to delineate myocardial involvement in high-risk situations.