Breaking scaling relationships in alkynol semi-hydrogenation by manipulating interstitial atoms in Pd with d-electron gain.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 35585084.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-30540-z and PMC identifier 9117217.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Pd catalysts are widely used in alkynol semi-hydrogenation. However, due to the existence of scaling relationships of adsorption energies between the key adsorbed species, the increase in conversion is frequently accompanied by side reactions, thereby reducing the selectivity to alkenols. We report that the simultaneous increase in alkenol selectivity and alkynol conversion is achieved by manipulating interstitial atoms including B, P, C, S and N in Pd catalysts. A negative linear relationship is observed between the activation entropies of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol which is highly related to the filling of d-orbital of Pd catalysts by the modification of p-block elements. A catalyst co-modified by B and C atoms has the maximum d charge of Pd that achieves a 17-fold increase in the turn-over frequency values compared to the Lindlar catalysts in the semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol. When the conversion is close to 100%, the selectivity can be as high as 95%.