A supramolecular photosensitizer derived from an Arene-Ru(II) complex self-assembly for NIR activated photodynamic and photothermal therapy.

Xu, Gang; Li, Chengwei; Chi, Chen; Wu, Luyan; Sun, Yanyan; Zhao, Jian; Xia, Xing-Hua; Gou, Shaohua · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Effective photosensitizers are of particular importance for the widespread clinical utilization of phototherapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are usually plagued by short-wavelength absorption, inadequate photostability, low reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantum yields, and aggregation-caused ROS quenching. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR)-supramolecular photosensitizer (RuDA) via self-assembly of an organometallic Ru(II)-arene complex in aqueous solution. RuDA can generate singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) only in aggregate state, showing distinct aggregation-induced <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation behavior due to the greatly increased singlet-triplet intersystem crossing process. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, RuDA with excellent photostability displays efficient <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and heat generation in a <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> quantum yield of 16.4% (FDA-approved indocyanine green: Φ<sub>Δ</sub> = 0.2%) together with high photothermal conversion efficiency of 24.2% (commercial gold nanorods: 21.0%, gold nanoshells: 13.0%). In addition, RuDA-NPs with good biocompatibility can be preferably accumulated at tumor sites, inducing significant tumor regression with a 95.2% tumor volume reduction in vivo during photodynamic therapy. This aggregation enhanced photodynamic therapy provides a strategy for the design of photosensitizers with promising photophysical and photochemical characteristics.

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