Unexpected response of nitrogen deposition to nitrogen oxide controls and implications for land carbon sink.

Liu, Mingxu; Shang, Fang; Lu, Xingjie; Huang, Xin; Song, Yu; Liu, Bing; Zhang, Qiang; Liu, Xuejun et al. · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Terrestrial ecosystems in China receive the world's largest amount of reactive nitrogen (N) deposition. Recent controls on nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub> = NO + NO<sub>2</sub>) emissions in China to tackle air pollution are expected to decrease N deposition, yet the observed N deposition fluxes remain almost stagnant. Here we show that the effectiveness of NO<sub>x</sub> emission controls for reducing oxidized N (NO<sub>y</sub> = NO<sub>x</sub> + its oxidation products) deposition is unforeseen in Eastern China, with one-unit reduction in NO<sub>x</sub> emission leading to only 55‒76% reductions in NO<sub>y</sub>-N deposition, as opposed to the high effectiveness (around 100%) in both Southern China and the United States. Using an atmospheric chemical transport model, we demonstrate that this unexpected weakened response of N deposition is attributable to the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity by NO<sub>x</sub> emissions reductions. The decline in N deposition could bear a penalty on terrestrial carbon sinks and should be taken into account when developing pathways for China's carbon neutrality.

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