Hydrological control of river and seawater lithium isotopes.

Zhang, Fei; Dellinger, Mathieu; Hilton, Robert G; Yu, Jimin; Allen, Mark B; Densmore, Alexander L; Sun, Hui; Jin, Zhangdong · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Seawater lithium isotopes (δ<sup>7</sup>Li) record changes over Earth history, including a ∼9‰ increase during the Cenozoic interpreted as reflecting either a change in continental silicate weathering rate or weathering feedback strength, associated with tectonic uplift. However, mechanisms controlling the dissolved δ<sup>7</sup>Li remain debated. Here we report time-series δ<sup>7</sup>Li measurements from Tibetan and Pamir rivers, and combine them with published seasonal data, covering small (<10<sup>2</sup>  km<sup>2</sup>) to large rivers (>10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>). We find seasonal changes in δ<sup>7</sup>Li across all latitudes: dry seasons consistently have higher δ<sup>7</sup>Li than wet seasons, by -0.3‰ to 16.4‰ (mean 5.0 ± 2.5‰). A globally negative correlation between δ<sup>7</sup>Li and annual runoff reflects the hydrological intensity operating in catchments, regulating water residence time and δ<sup>7</sup>Li values. This hydrological control on δ<sup>7</sup>Li is consistent across climate events back to ~445 Ma. We propose that hydrological changes result in shifts in river δ<sup>7</sup>Li and urge reconsideration of its use to examine past weathering intensity and flux, opening a new window to reconstruct hydrological conditions.