High-dimensional profiling reveals Tc17 cell enrichment in active Crohn's disease and identifies a potentially targetable signature.

Globig, A-M; Hipp, A V; Otto-Mora, P; Heeg, M; Mayer, L S; Ehl, S; Schwacha, H; Bewtra, M et al. · Nat Commun · 2022

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Abstract

The immune-pathology in Crohn's disease is linked to dysregulated CD4+ T cell responses biased towards pathogenic TH17 cells. However, the role of CD8+ T cells able to produce IL-17 (Tc17 cells) remains unclear. Here we characterize the peripheral blood and intestinal tissue of Crohn's disease patients (n = 61) with flow and mass cytometry and reveal a strong increase of Tc17 cells in active disease, mainly due to induction of conventional T cells. Mass cytometry shows that Tc17 cells express a distinct immune signature (CD6<sup>high</sup>, CD39, CD69, PD-1, CD27<sup>low</sup>) which was validated in an independent patient cohort. This signature stratifies patients into groups with distinct flare-free survival associated with differential CD6 expression. Targeting of CD6 in vitro reduces IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF production. These results identify a distinct Tc17 cell population in Crohn's disease with proinflammatory features linked to disease activity. The Tc17 signature informs clinical outcomes and may guide personalized treatment decisions.

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