Orthogonal interlayer coupling in an all-antiferromagnetic junction.

Zhou, Yongjian; Liao, Liyang; Guo, Tingwen; Bai, Hua; Zhao, Mingkun; Wan, Caihua; Huang, Lin; Han, Lei et al. · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In conventional ferromagnet/spacer/ferromagnet sandwiches, noncollinear couplings are commonly absent because of the low coupling energy and strong magnetization. For antiferromagnets (AFM), the small net moment can embody a low coupling energy as a sizable coupling field, however, such AFM sandwich structures have been scarcely explored. Here we demonstrate orthogonal interlayer coupling at room temperature in an all-antiferromagnetic junction Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, where the Néel vectors in the top and bottom Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layers are strongly orthogonally coupled and the coupling strength is significantly affected by the thickness of the antiferromagnetic Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> spacer. From the energy and symmetry analysis, the direct coupling via uniform magnetic ordering in Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> spacer in our junction is excluded. The coupling is proposed to be mediated by the non-uniform domain wall state in the spacer. The strong long-range coupling in an antiferromagnetic junction provides an unexplored approach for designing antiferromagnetic structures and makes it a promising building block for antiferromagnetic devices.