Slow Magnetic Relaxation of Dy Adatoms with In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy on a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas.

Bellini, Valerio; Rusponi, Stefano; Kolorenč, Jindřich; Mahatha, Sanjoy K; Valbuena, Miguel Angel; Persichetti, Luca; Pivetta, Marina; Sorokin, Boris V et al. · ACS Nano · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

We report on the magnetic properties of Dy atoms adsorbed on the (001) surface of SrTiO<sub>3</sub>. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals slow relaxation of the Dy magnetization on a time scale of about 800 s at 2.5 K, unusually associated with an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. We attribute these properties to Dy atoms occupying hollow adsorption sites on the TiO<sub>2</sub>-terminated surface. Conversely, Ho atoms adsorbed on the same surface show paramagnetic behavior down to 2.5 K. With the help of atomic multiplet simulations and first-principles calculations, we establish that Dy populates also the top-O and bridge sites on the coexisting SrO-terminated surface. A simple magnetization relaxation model predicts these two sites to have an even longer magnetization lifetime than the hollow site. Moreover, the adsorption of Dy on the insulating SrTiO<sub>3</sub> crystal leads, regardless of the surface termination, to the formation of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas of Ti 3d<sub><i>xy</i></sub> character, together with an antiferromagnetic Dy-Ti coupling. Our findings support the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of the rare-earth atoms by acting on the substrate electronic gas with electric fields.