A specific circuit in the midbrain detects stress and induces restorative sleep.

Yu, Xiao; Zhao, Guangchao; Wang, Dan; Wang, Sa; Li, Rui; Li, Ao; Wang, Huan; Nollet, Mathieu et al. · Science · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In mice, social defeat stress (SDS), an ethological model for psychosocial stress, induces sleep. Such sleep could enable resilience, but how stress promotes sleep is unclear. Activity-dependent tagging revealed a subset of ventral tegmental area γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-somatostatin (VTA<i><sup>Vgat-Sst</sup></i>) cells that sense stress and drive non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep through the lateral hypothalamus and also inhibit corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release in the paraventricular hypothalamus. Transient stress enhances the activity of VTA<i><sup>Vgat-Sst</sup></i> cells for several hours, allowing them to exert their sleep effects persistently. Lesioning of VTA<i><sup>Vgat-Sst</sup></i> cells abolished SDS-induced sleep; without it, anxiety and corticosterone concentrations remained increased after stress. Thus, a specific circuit allows animals to restore mental and body functions by sleeping, potentially providing a refined route for treating anxiety disorders.

Medical subject headings