Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform.

Goldstein, Jordan; Lin, Hongtao; Deckoff-Jones, Skylar; Hempel, Marek; Lu, Ang-Yu; Richardson, Kathleen A; Palacios, Tomás; Kong, Jing et al. · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

The development of compact and fieldable mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy devices represents a critical challenge for distributed sensing with applications from gas leak detection to environmental monitoring. Recent work has focused on mid-IR photonic integrated circuit (PIC) sensing platforms and waveguide-integrated mid-IR light sources and detectors based on semiconductors such as PbTe, black phosphorus and tellurene. However, material bandgaps and reliance on SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates limit operation to wavelengths λ ≲ 4 μm. Here we overcome these challenges with a chalcogenide glass-on-CaF<sub>2</sub> PIC architecture incorporating split-gate photothermoelectric graphene photodetectors. Our design extends operation to λ = 5.2 μm with a Johnson noise-limited noise-equivalent power of 1.1 nW/Hz<sup>1/2</sup>, no fall-off in photoresponse up to f = 1 MHz, and a predicted 3-dB bandwidth of f<sub>3dB</sub> > 1 GHz. This mid-IR PIC platform readily extends to longer wavelengths and opens the door to applications from distributed gas sensing and portable dual comb spectroscopy to weather-resilient free space optical communications.