Precision cancer sono-immunotherapy using deep-tissue activatable semiconducting polymer immunomodulatory nanoparticles.

Li, Jingchao; Luo, Yu; Zeng, Ziling; Cui, Dong; Huang, Jiaguo; Xu, Chenjie; Li, Liping; Pu, Kanyi et al. · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Nanomedicine holds promise to enhance cancer immunotherapy; however, its potential to elicit highly specific anti-tumor immunity without compromising immune tolerance has yet to be fully unlocked. This study develops deep-tissue activatable cancer sono-immunotherapy based on the discovery of a semiconducting polymer that generates sonodynamic singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) substantially higher than other sonosensitizers. Conjugation of two immunomodulators via <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>-cleavable linkers onto this polymer affords semiconducting polymer immunomodulatory nanoparticles (SPINs) whose immunotherapeutic actions are largely inhibited. Under ultrasound irradiation, SPINs generate <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> not only to directly debulk tumors and reprogram tumor microenvironment to enhance tumor immunogenicity, but also to remotely release the immunomodulators specifically at tumor site. Such a precision sono-immunotherapy eliminates tumors and prevents relapse in pancreatic mouse tumor model. SPINs show effective antitumor efficacy even in a rabbit tumor model. Moreover, the sonodynamic activation of SPINs confines immunotherapeutic action primarily to tumors, reducing the sign of immune-related adverse events.

Medical subject headings