SARS-CoV-2 impairs interferon production via NSP2-induced repression of mRNA translation.

Xu, Zhang; Choi, Jung-Hyun; Dai, David L; Luo, Jun; Ladak, Reese Jalal; Li, Qian; Wang, Yimeng; Zhang, Christine et al. · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Viruses evade the innate immune response by suppressing the production or activity of cytokines such as type I interferons (IFNs). Here we report the discovery of a mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus coopts an intrinsic cellular machinery to suppress the production of the key immunostimulatory cytokine IFN-β. We reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 encoded nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) directly interacts with the cellular GIGYF2 protein. This interaction enhances the binding of GIGYF2 to the mRNA cap-binding protein 4EHP, thereby repressing the translation of the <i>Ifnb1</i> mRNA. Depletion of GIGYF2 or 4EHP significantly enhances IFN-β production, which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our findings reveal a target for rescuing the antiviral innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.

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