MRI of squamous cell carcinoma of the nail apparatus: report of 6 cases.

Abstract

Malignant tumors of the nail apparatus are rare and dominated by squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Routinely, their pre-therapy imaging is limited to radiography. Our purpose is to determine the MRI characteristics in the locoregional assessment of SCC of the nail apparatus through a series of 6 consecutive cases explored by MRI and operated, carried out over a period of 12 years. IRB approval was obtained. Two in situ and 4 invasive squamous cell carcinomas were found, sex ratio was 0.5, and the age was 55 ± 10 years (mean ± SD). Most tumors showed specific signal behavior different from that of the epidermis and dermis with high signal on T2wi (5/6) and complete or partial enhancement (6/6). The mean thickness was 3.4 mm. The deep margin of the tumor with the dermis was always well defined for Bowen's disease (2/2) and blurred for invasive SCC. Localization involved the nail bed epithelium in all cases. Changes of the nail plate were detectable. Extension to lateral and posterior folds, hyponychium, cul-de-sac matrix, deep dermis, and bone was determined. MRI could be proposed as preoperative imaging of squamous cell carcinoma for locoregional assessment and guide biopsy.