Enhanced polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides.

Cai, Songhua; Lun, Yingzhuo; Ji, Dianxiang; Lv, Peng; Han, Lu; Guo, Changqing; Zang, Yipeng; Gao, Si et al. · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observe a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO<sub>3</sub> and SrTiO<sub>3</sub> in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 3.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> m<sup>-1</sup>, suggesting a promising approach for realizing ultra-large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial change in membrane thickness is discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO<sub>3</sub>, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage effect in the ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical model reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity-piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems.