Long-term memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.

Kuse, Nozomi; Zhang, Yu; Chikata, Takayuki; Nguyen, Hung The; Oka, Shinichi; Gatanaga, Hiroyuki; Takiguchi, Masafumi · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Long-term memory T cells have not been well analyzed in individuals vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine although analysis of these T cells is necessary to evaluate vaccine efficacy. Here, investigate HLA-A*24:02-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2-derived spike (S) epitopes in individuals immunized with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. T cells specific for the S-QI9 and S-NF9 immunodominant epitopes have higher ability to recognize epitopes than other epitope-specific T cell populations. This higher recognition of S-QI9-specific T cells is due to the high stability of the S-QI9 peptide for HLA-A*24:02, whereas that of S-NF9-specific T cells results from the high affinity of T cell receptor. T cells specific for S-QI9 and S-NF9 are detectable >30 weeks after the second vaccination, indicating that the vaccine induces long-term memory T cells specific for these epitopes. Because the S-QI9 epitope is highly conserved among SARS-CoV-2 variants, S-QI9-specific T cells may help prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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