Short-term outcomes and intermediate-term follow-up of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection treatment for naïve patients: a retrospective observational study.

Abstract

To explore the outcomes of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection treatments for naïve patients in the real-world settings. A retrospective observational study. Single tertiary level academic hospital in China. We identified patients initially receiving quadruple therapy for <i>H. pylori</i> infection from 2017 to 2020 in whom eradication was confirmed (n=23 470). Efficacy of different initial <i>H. pylori</i> infection treatments. Results of urea breath test (UBT) after <i>H. pylori</i> eradication. Among 23 470 patients who received initial <i>H. pylori</i> treatment, 21 285 (90.7%) were treated with amoxicillin-based regimens. The median age of the patients decreased from 2017 to 2020 (45.0 vs 39.0, p<0.0001). The main treatments were therapies containing amoxicillin and furazolidone, which had an eradication rate of 87.6% (14 707/16 784); those containing amoxicillin and clarithromycin had an eradication rate of 85.5% (3577/4182). The date of treatment, age, antibiotic regimen and duration of treatment showed correlations with the failure of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, positive UBT results after eradication clustered around the cut-off value, in both the ¹³C-UBT and ¹⁴C-UBT. The major <i>H. pylori</i> infection treatments for naïve patients were those containing amoxicillin and furazolidone, which offered the highest eradication rate. The date of treatment, age, antibiotic regimen and duration of treatment were risk factors for the failure of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication. Additionally, positive UBT results after eradication clustered around the cut-off value.