Delicate Ferromagnetism in MnBi<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>10</sub>.

Yan, Chenhui; Zhu, Yanglin; Miao, Leixin; Fernandez-Mulligan, Sebastian; Green, Emanuel; Mei, Ruobing; Tan, Hengxin; Yan, Binghai et al. · Nano Lett · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Tailoring magnetic orders in topological insulators is critical to the realization of topological quantum phenomena. An outstanding challenge is to find a material where atomic defects lead to tunable magnetic orders while maintaining a nontrivial topology. Here, by combining magnetization measurements, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, we reveal disorder-enabled, tunable magnetic ground states in MnBi<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>10</sub>. In the ferromagnetic phase, an energy gap of 15 meV is resolved at the Dirac point on the MnBi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub> termination. In contrast, antiferromagnetic MnBi<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>10</sub> exhibits gapless topological surface states on all terminations. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetization measurements reveal substantial Mn vacancies and Mn migration in ferromagnetic MnBi<sub>6</sub>Te<sub>10</sub>. We provide a conceptual framework where a cooperative interplay of these defects drives a delicate change of overall magnetic ground state energies and leads to tunable magnetic topological orders. Our work provides a clear pathway for nanoscale defect-engineering toward the realization of topological quantum phases.