Multivariable regression: understanding one of medicine's most fundamental statistical tools.

Varady, Nathan H; Pareek, Ayoosh; Eckhardt, Christina M; Williams, Riley J; Madjarova, Sophia J; Ollivier, Matthieu; Martin, R Kyle; Karlsson, Jón et al. · Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc · 2023

review · Level V

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Abstract

Multivariable regression is a fundamental tool that drives observational research in orthopaedic surgery. However, regression analyses are not always implemented correctly. This study presents a basic overview of regression analyses and reviews frequent points of confusion. Topics include linear, logistic, and time-to-event regressions, causal inference, confounders, overfitting, missing data, multicollinearity, interactions, and key differences between multivariable versus multivariate regression. The goal is to provide clarity regarding the use and interpretation of multivariable analyses for those attempting to increase their statistical literacy in orthopaedic research.

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