An improved 9 micron thick separator for a 350 Wh/kg lithium metal rechargeable pouch cell.

Chang, Zhi; Yang, Huijun; Pan, Anqiang; He, Ping; Zhou, Haoshen · Nat Commun · 2022

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The use of separators that are thinner than conventional separators (> 20 µm) would improve the energy densities and specific energies of lithium batteries. However, thinner separators increase the risk of internal short circuits from lithium dendrites formed in both lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. Herein, we grow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) inside the channels of a polypropylene separator (8 µm thick) using current-driven electrosynthesis, which aggregates the electrolyte in the MOF channels. Compared to unmodified polypropylene separators, the MOF-modified separator (9 µm thick) vastly improves the cycling stability and dendrite resistance of cells assembled with Li metal anodes and carbonate-based electrolytes. As a demonstration, a 354 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> pouch cell with a lithium metal anode and LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCA)-based cathode (N/P = 3.96) is assembled with 9 µm layer of the MOF-modified separator and retains 80% of its capacity after 200 cycles (charged at 75 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, discharged at 100 mA g<sup>-1</sup>) at 25 °C.